Variable-speed friction-gearing.



J. G. 'MARTINS. VARIABLE SPEED FRIGTION GEARING.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 27, 1913.

Patented Oct. 6, 1914.

ZSHEETS-SHEET l.

Il L- I WW JEMMMaf@ J. C.. MARTINS. VARIABLE SPEED EMOTION GEARING. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 27, 1913.

jill/677,507"

:mus cnnrsrraN miams, or cornNnnenN, DENMARK, nssIGNon 'ro 'rnANsMrs sIoN alims., or corENnneEN, DENMARK.

'VARIABLE-SPEED lEB-CLION-GEBNG.

amarti.

atented ct. 6, i914.

Tol all whom t may concern:

Be it known that 1, Jens @marian rms, a subject of the King of Denmark, residing at Copenhagen, Denmark, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Variable Speed Friction Gearing, of which the following a specication.

Friction gearing comprising two sets of double conical bodies, acting as Tplanet Wheels, which bodies roll on one side on the outer circumference of flanges or disks and, on the other side, on the inner edge of rings, against which Jflanges and rings they are pressed at a suitable pressure, are known. In such apparatus alteration of speed is ohtained by displacing some or all ofthe said parts in relation to each other in the longitudinal direction of the double conical bodies, so that these latter arecaused to roll with various diameters on the said flanges and rings.

The present invention relates to apparatus of this kind and aims at producing a gearing, in which reversal and idle running can be eiected only by a displacement as described above and without employment of couplings of any kind.` This is obtained aceording to the present invention by-:c'onnect-` ing the planet wheel carriers in such a gearing together and with one of the shaftsof the apparatus, and by arranging one set of the flanges as stationary while the. other set of the said-flanges is connected with the othershaft ofthe apparatus. By such an arrangement of the parts a certain mutual position of the said rings and shafts exists,

' as will be described below, in which the driven shaft of the apparatus will become stationary, and when the parts are displaced in one direction from thisposition the shafts of the apparatus will be. turned in the same direction, while through displacement in theV opposite direction from lthe neutral position they will be turned in opposite directions The speed obtained in both cases contingent'on the degree of displacement of the parts in question from the said 'neutral position.

One construction, of the invention is shown in the drawing, in which-:

Figure 1 is a partial longitudinal' section of a system of gearing according to the present invention; Fig. 2 a transverse section on the. line A-A, Fig. 1;v and Figs. 3 to 5 are diagrammatical1l views 'illustratingvarious and 2S are keyed to the same.

mutual positions which can be assumed by the parte of the apparatus.

The power is transmitted to the hollow shaft of the apparatus, carrying the flange 2 which hy means of bolts 3 is connected Wlth the. gloular disk 4. rlhe bolts 3 serve for carrying around the rings 5, 6, 7 and 8 forming the planet wheel carriers, the said rings being longitudinally displaceable on the bolts. rllue bolts 36. serve for keeping two sets of 'rings 5f6 and 7 8 forming the planet wheel carriers at the correct mutual distance. The power is transmitted from the driving shaft 1 through the speed-changing mechanim to a driven shaft 9., to which thebushings l() and 11 carrying the flanges 12 and 13 are non-rotatably but. longitudi- Bally displacebly4 connected through a key and groove. n the shaft 9 is further arranged the bushing 14 which through key and groove is made non-turnable relation to the bushing 15, which is keyed 'to the' stationary casing 1 6 of the apparatus. The thrust ball bearing 17 is arranged between .the bushings and 14 and the ball bearing 18 between the bushing 11 and the hollow shaft 1. The circular disk 4 is by the ball 19 supported on the stationary bnshing-15. The bushings 14 and 15 carry the flanges 2 0 and 2-1 on which roll the double conical bodies 23, While the double conical bodies 22 roll on the flanges 12 and 13. The cylindrical body 24 is by key and groove connectedwith rings 26' and 27 arranged inside the same, while the rings 25 26 and 27' are kept at the correct mutual distance by means of the cylindrical body 29. The double conical bodies 22 and' 23- rest in ball bearings 30. guided in grooves 31, Fig.

2, inthe rings 5, 6, 7 and 8 formingthe planet wheel carriers. A. suitable pressure between the various parts of the system is obtained by turning the nut 32, Fig. 1, which through the balli bearing 33 presses the Belleville spring-washer- 34, which supports the flange 2. The adjustment ofthe apparatus to forward movement, idle running, or backward movement is edected through displacement of the bushing 14 by means of" the lever 35.

The opera-tion of the apparatus is as follows: The power is transmitted tothe hollo-'wy sha-ft 1 and from thence through the iiange 2 and the bolts 3 to the planet wheel The rings .bodies 23 will roll on the stationarydanges and 21, and thereby the rings 27 and 28, thus also the rings and 26v will be rotated in the same direction as the planet wheel carrier. l

Referring now to llligs. 3-5, explanation will be given as to how thedouble conical bodies 22, following the planet wheel car.- riers during the rot-ating of the same and -rolling-on the rings 25 and 26 and on the flanges 12 and'13, will be able to turn these latter in one or the other direction of revolution or will eventually cause the same to stand still, .dependent on the position of rings and danges in relation to the double conical bodies. ln the diagrammatical Figs. 3-5 only @neef the double'conical bodies of each set is shown for the'salre'fof clear-ness, while rings, flanges and planet wheel carri'ers are only indicated by lines, which are designated by the same reference numbers as the members inhigs. 1 and 2, which they are meant to represent. lhe directionsof revolution ofthe various organs are indicated by means of arrows. Y

lf by meansiof the Alever the bushing 11i is displaced and therewithv the flanges 21 and 12 to such a position that vthe dangesand the outer rings are caused to roll on-the same diameter of the double conical bodies, which takes place simultaneously for both systems, the parts will assume the position shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3. lf the planet wheel carriers 5 and 8, which as described are both firmly connected with the. hollow shaft 1, be turned-in the direction indicated by the arrow, the. double conical' bodies 23 will roll on the stationary danges 2O and 21. The bodies 23 are thereby forced to rotate on their own axes in the direction of the arrow d besides following the rotation of the planet wheel carrierk Thefjings 27 and 28 vwill thereby be rotated in the dlrection indicated by the arrow c at a speed which is dependent partly on the speed of the rings 25 and 26 and partly on the speed of the planet wheel carrier 5. As the lplanet wheel car'- riers 5 and 8 as above described are mechanically connected and are thus rotated at the same speed, it will result that the speed received by the flanges 12 and"13 will be m'Z, as the flanges 2O and-21 are stationary, and the two systems are symmetrical. The shaft 9 connected with the' flanges 12 and 13 will thus remain stationary, and the described position ofthe parts corresponds toidle runnino?.

.l the parts are displaced by means of the lever 35, so as to assume the position shown in Fig. d, both of the shafts 1 and 9 will be turned in the same direction. As it will be seen the double conical bodies 23 hereroll with theirlargest diameter on the flanges 20 and 21 miami and with their smallest diameter in the rings 27 and 26, while the double conical bodies 22 on the contrary roll with their smallest 'diameter on the. circumference of the danges 12 and 13 and with their largest diameter in the rings 25 and 26. lf the planet wheel carriers are rotated in the same direction and at the same'speed as in the previous case, the dou ble conical bodies 23 will by rolling on the stationary danges 2O and 21 be caused to rotate on their own axes at a smaller speed than in the above described case, as they now roll 'with a: larger diameter on the said flanges. The speed transmitted to the. rings 27 and 28 by the bodies will therefore be vsmaller than in the above named case, the double conical bodies 23 rollingwith a smaller dia-meter inthe rings 27 .and 28. The rings 25 .and 26 will therefore impart a smaller speed of rotation on their axes to the bodies 22 than in the above named case, partlyl owing to the smaller speed ofthe rings and partly owing lto the same rollinD with a larger diameter of the double conical bodies 22. rlhese latter roll with their smallest diameter on the danges l2 and 13, and as the planet wheel carrier is rotated at the same speed .as in the above case, the danges 12 and 13 will be carried along with them, asowing'to the slow rotation of the bodies 22, by the rings 25 and 26, these danges 12 and 13 will be but Very .slightly impeded..

lf the parts by meansof the lever 35A are i displaced to the position shown 'in lFig. 5, and the planet wheel carrier continuously rotated at the same speed and in the same direction as hitherto, the .double conical bodiesl 23 will by rolling with the smallest diameter on the stationary danges 20 and 21 rotate-at the greatest possible speed on their own axes. As they. roll with their greatestl ies forward." 'llhe resultl will thus be that the i flanges 12 and 13 and with these the shaft 9 will be rotated in a direction opposite to that in which the shaft 1 is rotated.

Figs. 4. and 5 show the eXtreme positions, which can be assumed by the parts of the apparatus by displacement to one or the other side in relation to the neutral middle position shown in lFig. 3. lt is obvious that intermediate positions will correspond to intermediate values of the speed of gearing in one and the other direction of rotation. f

n apparatus such as the one described can advantageously be used on almost every occasion where it is desired to transmit the power from an engine to a working machine at diferent speeds, and where idle running and reversal is desirable. The apparatus can also be applied to tool machines, automobiles, motor-launches and the like.`

Having now particularly described my invention whatl I claim and desire ,to secure by Letters Patent is:

A friction-gearing comprising a fixed casing, a driving-shaft, a planet-wheel carrier arranged to rotate therewith, two sets of double conical bodies acting as planetwheels, two sets of outer rings non-rotatably connected with each other, a set of flanges non-rotatably connected with said casing, a

and rings longitudinally of said double` conical bodies.

ln testimony whereof l have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing wit.

nesses.

Y J ENS CHRISTIAN MARTXNS. Witnesses:

Visco BLOM, Caen. VILHELM SoHoRD. 

